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How to choose the right bearing lubricating oil？
Apr 20, 2022
For lubrication, bearings usually employ highly refined mineral oils, which have superior oxidation stability, rust-preventive effect, and high film strength. With bearing diversification, however, various synthetic oils have been put into use. These synthetic oils contain various additives (oxidation inhibitors, rust preventives, antifoaming agents, etc.) to improve specific properties. Table 12-6 shows the characteristics of lubricating oils.
Mineral lubricating oils are classified by applications in JIS and MIL.
Table 12-6 Characteristics of lubricating oils
| Type of lubricating oil | Highly refined mineral oil | Major synthetic oils | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diester oil | Silicon oil | Polyglycolic oil | Polyphenyl ether oil | Fluorinated oil | ||
| Operating temperature range（℃） | －40 to ＋220 | －55 to ＋150 | －70 to ＋350 | －30 to ＋150 | 0 to ＋330 | －20 to ＋300 |
| Lubricity | Excellent | Excellent | Fair | Good | Good | Excellent |
| Oxidation stability | Good | Good | Fair | Fair | Excellent | Excellent |
| Radioactivity resistance | Bad | Bad | Bad to fair | Bad | Excellent | - |
[ Selection of lubricating oil ]
The most important criterion in selecting a lubricating oil is whether the oil provides proper viscosity at the bearing operating temperature. Standard values of proper kinematic viscosity can be obtained through selection by bearing type according to Table 12-7 first, then through selection by bearing operating conditions according to Table 12-8.
When lubricating oil viscosity is too low, the oil film will be insufficient. On the other hand, when the viscosity is too high, heat will be generated due to viscous resistance. In general, the heavier the load and the higher the operating temperature, the higher the lubricating oil viscosity should be ; whereas, the higher the rotation speed, the lower the viscosity should be. Fig. 12-3 illustrates the relationship between lubricating oil viscosity and temperature.
Table 12-7 Proper kinematic viscosity by bearing type
| Bearing type | Proper kinematic viscosity at operating temperature |
|---|---|
| Ball bearing Cylindrical roller bearing | 13mm2／s or higher |
| Tapered roller bearing Spherical roller bearing | 20mm2／s or higher |
| Spherical thrust roller bearing | 32mm2／s or higher |
Table 12-8 Proper kinematic viscosities by bearing operating conditions
| Operating temperature | dmnvalue | Proper kinematic viscosity (expressed in the ISO viscosity grade or the SAE No.) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light/normal load | Heavy/impact load | ||||
| －30 to 0℃ | All rotation speeds | ISO VG 15、22、46 | （Refrigerating machine oil） | - | |
| 0 to 60℃ | 300000 or lower | ISO VG 46 | （Bearing oil Turbine oil） | ISO VG 68 | （Bearing oil Turbine oil） |
| SAE 30 | |||||
| 300000 to 600000 | ISO VG 32 | （Bearing oil Turbine oil） | ISO VG 68 | （Bearing oil Turbine oil） | |
| 600000 or higher | ISO VG 7、10、22 | （Bearing oil） | - | ||
| 60 to 100℃ | 300000 or lower | ISO VG 68 | （Bearing oil） | ISO VG 68、100 | （Bearing oil） |
| SAE 30 | |||||
| 300000 to 600000 | ISO VG 32、46 | （Bearing oil Turbine oil） | ISO VG 68 | （Bearing oil Turbine oil） | |
| 600000 or higher | ISO VG 22、32、46 | （Bearing oil Turbine oil Machine oil） | - | ||
| 100 to 150℃ | 300000 or lower | ISO VG 68、100 | （Bearing oil） | ISO VG 100 to 460 | （Bearing oil Gear oil） |
| SAE 30、40 | |||||
| 300000 to 600000 | ISO VG 68 | （Bearing oil Turbine oi） | ISO VG 68、100 | （Bearing oil） | |
| SAE 30 | SAE 30、40 | ||||
[Remarks]
1. 
｛D：nominal outside diameter（mm）、d：nominal bore diameter（mm）、n：rotational speed（min－1）｝
2. Refer to refrigerating machine oil (JIS K 2211), turbine oil (JIS K 2213), gear oil (JIS K 2219), machine oil (JIS K 2238) and bearing oil (JIS K 2239).
3. Please contact with FV if the bearing operating temperature is under −30℃ or over 150℃ .
Fig. 12-3 Relationship between lubricating oil viscosity and temperature (viscosity index :100)
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